| The cosmetic form of botulinum toxin,
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| | as an orphan drug for the treatment of
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| often referred to by its product name
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| | strabismus, hemifacial spasms, and
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| Botox, is a popular non-surgical
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| | blepharospasm. BOTOX is distributed in
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| injection that temporarily reduces or
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| | 100-unit vials.The original batch of
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| eliminates frown lines, forehead creases,
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| | neurotoxin prepared by Shantz in November
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| crows feet near the eyes and thick bands
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| | 1979 (designated batch 79-11) constituted
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| in the neck. The toxin blocks the nerve
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| | the original BOTOX formulation and was
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| impulses, temporarily paralyzing the
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| | used until December 1997. It was replaced
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| muscles that cause wrinkles while giving
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| | by a new neurotoxin complex batch
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| the skin a smoother, more refreshed
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| | designated BCB 2024. The new bulk batch
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| appearance. Studies have also suggested
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| | is 5-6 times more potent on a weight
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| that Botox is effective in relieving
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| | basis. In a 100-unit vial, only 4.8 ng of
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| migraine headaches, excessive sweating
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| | neurotoxin is needed compared to 25 ng of
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| and muscle spasms in the neck and eyes.
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| | 79-11. The new BOTOX is comparable in
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| Botulinum neurotoxin is produced by the
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| | clinical efficacy and safety to the old,
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| gram-negative anaerobic bacterium
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| | and a unit dose of new BOTOX provides an
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| Clostridium botulinum.
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| | equivalent response to the same unit dose
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| Eight serologically distinct botulinum
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| | of old BOTOX. Hopefully, the reduced
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| neurotoxins exist, designated as A, B,
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| | protein load of the new BOTOX leads to
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| C1, C2, D, E, F, and G. Seven are
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| | reduced immunogenicity and a lower
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| associated with paralysis. Types A, B, E
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| | incidence of neutralizing antibody
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| and, rarely, F and G are associated with
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| | formation.Dysport is another formulation
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| human botulism.The dose of botulinum
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| | of botulinum toxin type A available in
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| toxin is expressed in mouse units. One
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| | Europe and a few other countries. It is
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| unit is equal to the amount that will
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| | prepared using column-based purification
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| kill 50% of a group of 18- to 22-g Swiss
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| | techniques and distributed in 500-unit
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| Webster mice when injected
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| | vials that can be stored at room
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| intraperitoneally. The human lethal dose
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| | temperature. BOTOX and Dysport are both
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| (LD) for BOTOX (botulinum type A purified
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| | botulinum toxin type A preparations but
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| neurotoxin complex) is estimated at
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| | are quite distinct from one another.
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| approximately 3000 units. BOTOX
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| | BOTOX is approximately 4 times more
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| injections of less than 100 units usually
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| | potent on a per unit basis, and Dysport
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| are used for cosmetic purposes and of
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| | doses often are approximately 4 times the
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| less than 300-600 units for other
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| | BOTOX doses used to generate a similar
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| purposes, thereby allowing a wide safety
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| | clinical effect. Differences in these
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| margin. Recognizing that doses are not
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| | toxins may relate to differences in the
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| interchangeable among different
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| | strain of bacterium, preparation,
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| formulations of botulinum toxin (BOTOX,
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| | diffusion, and potency testing.Myobloc is
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| Dysport, Myobloc) is important; to
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| | a botulinum toxin type B preparation
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| achieve similar clinical effects,
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| | currently in clinical trials. It is
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| different doses are used.BOTOX is a
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| | anticipated that it will be distributed
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| sterile lyophilized form of botulinum
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| | as a solution. Little information is
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| toxin type A. It is produced from a
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| | available concerning the cosmetic use of
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| culture of the Hall strain of C botulinum
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| | Dysport and Myobloc. The remainder of
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| and purified by a series of acid
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| | this article therefore focuses on BOTOX,
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| precipitations to a crystalline complex
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| | and all unit doses refer to BOTOX unless
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| containing the toxin and other proteins.
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| | otherwise specified.
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| The FDA approved BOTOX in December 1989
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