| As a young lad, I took on my first
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| | group?Answer: Yes. In fact Dr. Larry
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| scientific experiment simply because I
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| | Laudan, former chair of the history and
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| could. Like most curious youngsters who
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| | philosophy of science department at the
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| own walky-talkies, I could only resist
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| | University of Pittsburgh, wrote a book
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| for so long the urge to bury one of them
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| | (Science and Values) where he catalogued
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| (well behind enemy lines) in the bread
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| | over 30 such theories. He indicated that
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| aisle at the local grocery store, to see
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| | he could have lengthened his list
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| what startled shoppers might make of
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| | extensively (and others have done this).
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| extroverted wheat. This, my first foray
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| | These truth-status flip-floppers trounce
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| into the field of agorology -- the very
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| | about like a salmon on deck, where "true
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| scientific study of shopping, shoppers
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| | yesterday" becomes "false today." Here,
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| and shoppingcarts -- told me just what I
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| | truth comes with an expiration date like
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| needed to know.Would they simply scurry
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| | raspberry yogurt. And who knows, these
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| off, fearing all that is both sourdough
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| | theories may yet make a comeback -- only
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| and articulate, or might they try to hunt
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| | to get smoked again (as salmon are want
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| down the source of the taunting loaves?
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| | to do).This tells us that theoretical
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| The jovial, phoney French accent that
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| | science shows itself fickle when it comes
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| greeted each customer in the aisle proved
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| | to truth-telling. In court, they call
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| harder to maintain -- while trying hard
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| | this "perjury," but let us avoid the
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| not to laugh -- than I had anticipated.
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| | unpleasantries of name-calling. One
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| In the end, fear of the manager
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| | commentator on this problem recently put
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| (bigcheesophobia) cut short the
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| | it quite sublimely in these words: "If
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| data-gathering event, but not before we
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| | the history of science were a single
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| -- Tony (my assistant) and I -- had
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| | person, it would present to the world
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| learned far too much. We now knew the
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| | just that sort of person we should least
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| inside truth about science, kept hidden
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| | want to see driving heavy machinery or
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| for many ages: it's a real kick in the
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| | carrying sharp objects."Question #3.
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| pants.Much time passed, and the
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| | Professor, isn't it true that theories
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| California State University (at Hayward)
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| | considered false today by the scientific
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| received, and then quite foolishly
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| | majority, as well as in the past, have
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| approved, my application for admission.
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| | often turned out to be very useful? And
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| There I learned that the representatives
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| | doesn't this show that no established
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| of "science" bore the right to decide all
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| | relationship between true theories and
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| matters of cultural importance; that
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| | useful theories exists?Answer: Yes, and
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| scientists could provide the answers we
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| | yes. And this shows from the empirical
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| need; and that science is
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| | facts of history that any theory might be
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| "self-correcting," and so marches forward
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| | highly useful, and yet utterly false, so
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| with unrelenting progress. Just look at
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| | that it's utility offers no real guide to
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| the microwave ovens, and the GPS gadgets
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| | whether or not it's true. And you guessed
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| in our cars. Science carries the badge of
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| | it: Dr. Laudan has a long list of these
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| authority in all matters of knowledge. Or
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| | successful-but-false theories too. And he
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| so the story goes.But then it happened. I
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| | isn't the only one.Question #4. Isn't it
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| took my first history of science class,
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| | true professor that scientists often
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| and began studying the items that
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| | resolve the contest between rival
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| interested me, even if they weren't on
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| | theories by choosing the one as "more
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| the menu. Then came the individual study
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| | probably true" which appears either
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| course in the philosophy of science. By
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| | simpler or more elegant than the others,
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| then I had meandered into areas of study
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| | and doesn't this tell against the alleged
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| best dubbed "plainly unauthorized." Here,
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| | "objectivity" of what is supposed to be a
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| I had realized that the science textbook
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| | truth-seeking enterprise, reducing it to
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| authors (and most of my science
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| | the status of a Miss America beauty
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| professors) had completely -- I believe
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| | pageant?Answer: Yes, but don't tell my
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| the scientific term is --
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| | wife or she won't let me go to work
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| "discombobulated" almost everything they
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| | either.Question #5. Professor, isn't it
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| had taught me in my science classes.Oh,
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| | true that various scientists working in
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| they managed the empirical details in the
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| | different fields put to use a wide array
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| books well enough. Like motorcycle riders
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| | of different methods, depending on
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| who smile too often, the experts had
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| | factors like which field of study they
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| strained out the empirical gnats with an
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| | work in, the nature of the claim under
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| aggressive and precise toothpick. But
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| | question at the moment, and the like? And
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| conceptual camel-swallowing became the
| |
| | doesn't this rather abolish the popular
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| order of the day. In other words, their
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| | myth that anything like "THE" scientific
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| story of what science actually is, how
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| | method has ever actually existed?Answer:
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| scientists employ its methods, and what
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| | Of course. Philosopher of science, Paul
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| science can actually accomplish -- the
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| | Feyerabend at UC Berkeley wrote a book in
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| whole story surrounding the details --
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| | the late 90's entitled "On Method," which
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| proved phonier than a well-modulated,
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| | proves just that point. Brain-scanning
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| French accent in a grocery store.To help
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| | Neurologists do not do anything like what
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| illustrate these well-educated fibs,
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| | mechanics do when the latter search to
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| which I have boiled down to five for the
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| | find out how much pollution your car puts
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| sake of brevity, I have put this section
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| | out. They use different instruments, and
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| in the shape of a question and answer
| |
| | entirely different methods. Some methods
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| format. Here sit before the readers eyes
| |
| | involve developing computational models
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| THE five questions your science
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| | to run different stress-condition
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| professors hope you never ask.Question 1.
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| | scenarios (structural engineers do this),
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| Professor, isn't it true, that when you
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| | while others amount to sticking a fancy
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| call a model or theory "true" merely
| |
| | wand up your car's tail pipe.Conclusion:
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| because it makes accurate predictions
| |
| | The heroic model of science -- with
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| that you in fact commit the fallacy
| |
| | scientists in the driver's seat as the
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| called "affirming the consequent?"Answer:
| |
| | keepers of true knowledge -- amounts to a
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| You'd better believe it, Bucko. And
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| | political ploy designed to exalt those
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| nearly all scientists do this on a
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| | with white labcoats as the final arbiters
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| regular basis. Coincidentally enough, so
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| | of truth about what kind of world this
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| do the textbooks these guys write. "If a
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| | "really" is. But the kind of reasons
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| mother, then also a woman" seems obvious
| |
| | scientists (and their textbooks) must
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| enough. In logic, this takes the form,
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| | invoke to prop up this flimsy mythology
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| "If P, then Q." But reasoning in the
| |
| | make no headway against the empirical
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| reverse direction leads to trouble. "If a
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| | facts known to students of the history
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| woman, then a mother [Q, therefore P]"
| |
| | and philosophy of the sciences. Moreover,
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| doesn't ring true at all. Many women do
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| | if stripped of their technical jargon,
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| not practice motherhood. Likewise, "If my
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| | and rendered in the common tongue, such
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| theory is true, we should find 'Q' to be
| |
| | half-baked reasons would not earn
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| the case [If P, then Q] does not in any
| |
| | scientists a passing mark in a
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| way validate the reverse, "We did find
| |
| | second-semester logic course at any
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| 'Q' to be the case, therefore my model is
| |
| | decent college.The way I see it, if you
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| true [Q, therefore P]."This is like the
| |
| | are going to try to fool people, you
|
| man who argues that "If it is bread, it
| |
| | might as well go all the way, and head
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| does not talk. It does not in fact talk,
| |
| | for the aisle with the heckling
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| therefore it must be bread." Imagine
| |
| | rye.Carson Day has written some 1.3
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| that: science professors make a career of
| |
| | gazillion articles and essays on all
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| reasoning that poorly, and your sandwich
| |
| | manner of topics. These aim to glorify
|
| never said a word.Question #2. Professor,
| |
| | God and offer people real help to live
|
| isn't it true that many highly successful
| |
| | wisely and well. You can visit Carson's
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| theories in the past gained the
| |
| | websites at (The Omniblog, where Carson
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| allegiance of entire scientific
| |
| | blogs everything) or (Carson's Day
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| communities, only to suffer rejection
| |
| | Trading Outpost). Thanks for stopping by.
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| later as so much molarky by the same
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| |
|
